At the 1992 Academy meeting in Madrid, the then President, Professor Antonio Llombart-Bosch, printed the Constitution and By-Laws of the Academy as a small book and inserted a copy into the Conference satchels. Several thousand copies were left over from the print run and were readily available for several years.

The review of the first 75 years of the Academy, written by Dr. Ken Earle in 1981, gives an insight into the long history and traditions of the International Association of Medical Museums, which was renamed "The International Academy of Pathology" in 1955, and the key role played by the then Secretary / Treasurer, F. Kash Mostofi along with Chapman Binford, Jesse Edwards, Robert E. Stowell, Colonel Ash, Harold Stewart, Harold Gordon, Edward B. Smith, Edward Gall, F. W. Wigglesworth, Lall G. Montgomery, Natham Kaufman, G. Cunningham and others in transforming that body into its present very successful form.

The relationship of the International Academy of Pathology to the US / Canadian Division of the Academy, as it was called until quite recently, has been extremely close. As a result, the US / Canadian Division was never incorporated. Only in the eighties was it was discovered that the 1955 incorporation of the International Academy of Pathology did not endow the US / Canadian Division with a legal existence. The legal liability of the US / Canadian Division’s members was thus unlimited. In the unlikely event of that Division becoming bankrupt, all US / Canadian members would have been personally responsible for the Divisional debts. The Division was promptly incorporated but acting on legal advice, the Division’s legal name became "The US / Canadian Academy of Pathology" (USCAP), to distinguish it from the parent body, "The International Academy of Pathology", which is also incorporated in The United States.

 
P W Allen
President
February 1996

DETAILS OF INCORPORATION

The International Academy of Pathology was incorporated in the District of Columbia, United States of America, on November 14, 1955 (Certificate No. 44020, Book 0138, Page 508). The Certificate of Incorporation was signed by Frank B. Johnson, Herman Van Cott, and Webb Haymaker, all of the staff of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington D.C., United States of America.

BENEFACTORS OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MEDICAL MUSEUMS

LORD STRATHCONA. $5,000 Donated in 1914

THE CARNEGIE FOUNDATION. $5,000 Donated in 1929

The Lord Strathcona and Carnegie funds were held in Candian investments until 1996, when all the Academy funds were consolidated in the United States. The value of the funds at the time of consolidation was US$ 22,449.

PAST AND PRESENT OFFICE BEARERS

PRESIDENTS

International Association of Medical Museums (IAMM)

Major James Carroll (USA) 1907
W. G. MacCallum (USA) 1908/09
A. S. Warthin (USA) 1910/11
R. M. Pearce (USA) 1912/13
Ludwig Aschoff (Germany) 1914/16
 
IAMM (US/Canadian Section)
A. S. Warthin 1916/18
O. Klotz 1918/19
W. M. L. Coplin 1920/21
James Ewing 1921/22
F. B. Mallory 1922/24
James F. Coupal 1924/29
H. E. Robertson 1929/32
George R. Callender 1932/33
Victor Jacobsen 1933/34
William Boyd 1934/36
V. H. Cornell 1936/38
Carl V. Weller 1938/39
Colonel James Earl Ash 1939/40
Tracy B. Mallory 1940/41
William H. Feldman 1941/42
Samuel R. Haythorn 1942/47
Ralph D. Lillie 1947/48
Everett L. Bishop 1948/49
Colonel James Earl Ash 1949/50
G. Lyman Duff 1950/51
Granville A. Bennett 1951/52
James B. McNaught 1952/53
Averill A. Leibow 1953/54
Harold L. Stewart 1954/55
 

International Academy of Pathology (US/Canadian Division)

Jesse E. Edwards 1955/56
Edward B. Smith 1956/57
William O. Russell 1957/58
Chapman H. Binford 1958/59
Robert E Stowell 1959/60
F. W. Wigglesworth 1960/61
Benjamin Castleman 1961/62
John B. Hazard 1962/63
J. Lowell Orbison 196364
David E. Smith 1964/65
Henry D. Moon 1965/66
A. James French 1966/67
Robert H. Moore 1967/68
Joshua L. Edwards 1968/69
Edward A. Gall 1969/70
T. C. Jones 1970/71
William Christopherson 1971/72
 
International Academy of Pathology (IAP)

F. Kash Mostofi (USA) 1972/76
Nathan Kaufman (USA) 1976/79
Peter Gedigk (Germany) 1979/81
Erkki A. Saxen (Finland) 1981/82
Roger E. Cotton (England) 1983/84
Jack M. Layton (USA) 1985/86
Adonis R.L. de Carvalho (Brazil) 1987/88
Jack P. Strong (USA) 1989/90
Antonio Llombart-Bosch (Spain) 1991/92
David F. Hardwick (Canada) 1993/94
Philip W. Allen (Australia) 1995/96
Cecilia M. Fenoglio-Preiser (USA) 1997/98
Anna Kadar (Hungary) 1999/2000
Stephen Vogel (USA) 2001
Shinichiro Ushigome (Japan) 2002
Stephen Vogel (USA) 2001/2002
Shinichiro Ushigome (Japan) 2003/2004
Francis Jaubert (France) 2005/2006
Konrad Muller (Australia) 2007/--

SECRETARIES

IAMM

Maude Abbott (Sec / Treas) 1906/38
W. W. Francis (Asst Sec / Treas) 1910
James Earl Ash (Sec / Treas) 1940/48
Ruell A. Sloan (Sec / Treas) 1949/51
Chapman Binford (Acting Sec / Treas) 1951
Harold Stewart (Sec / Treas) 1951

IAP

F. Kash Mostofi (Sec / Treas) 1952/69
Joshua L. Edwards (Sec / Treas) 1970/80
Kenneth M. Earle 1981/82
Leslie H. Sobin 1983/88
Jack M. Layton 1989/94
Florabel G. Mullick 1995/2006
David F. Hardwick 2007/--

TREASURERS

Leland D. Stoddard 1981/92
Jack P. Strong 1993/--

VICE PRESIDENTS, IAMM

W. G. MacCallum (USA) 1907/09
J. Ritchie (England) 1907/09
J. Ludwig Aschoff (Germany) 1907/13
G. Sims Woodhead (England) 1909/13
Edmond Souchon (USA) 1909/13
Arthur Keith (England) 1913
Pierre Marie (France) 1913
R. M. Pierce (USA) 1913
Matthew J. Stewart (England) 1949
William Boyd (Canada) 1949

COUNCILLORS, IAMM

W.G. MacCallum (USA) 1909
D. S. Lamb (USA) 1909
F. F. Westbrook (USA) 1909
Prof. LeCount 1909
P. G. Wooley (USA) 1909
W. Ophalus (USA) 1909
George Whipple (USA) 1909
William Osler (England) 1913
J. G. Adani (USA) 1913
Paul Courmant (France) 1913
A. S. Warthin (USA) 1913
Bernard Fischer (Germany) 1913
J Fibiger (Denmark) 1913
Prof. Harbitz (Norway) 1913
Prof. Askanazy (Switzerland) 1913
de Josselin de Jong (Holland) 1913
Rene Sand (Belgium) 1913
G. Lyman Duff (Canada) 1949
Everett L. Bishop (USA) 1949
Wilfred D. Newcomb (England) 1949
D. F. Chappell (Scotland) 1949

VICE PRESIDENTS IAP

AFRICA: C.J. Uys (1981/84); A.O. Williams (1981/86); R.O.C. Kaschula (1985/2000); A. Yaker (1987/92); Michel Honde (1993/94); M. Pellegrin de Villeneuve (1995/2002); Martin J. Hale (2001/08); Jean-Marie Dangou (2003/08)

ASIA: Eisei Ishikawa (1981/84, 1993/94); Natth Bhamarapravati (1981/82); Prasert Pancharee (1983/84); Y. Nishiyama (1985/90); B.S. Raichur (1985/88); Joseph C.K. Lee (1989/98); Y.F. Dajani (1991/98); Munetomo Enjoji (1995/96); Shinichiro Ushigome (1997/2000); Samir Amr (1999/2008); H.K. Ng (1999/2008); Sivadas (2001/02); H.K. Harilal (2003/06); Robert Y. Osamura (2003/08); Anita Borges (2007/08)

AUSTRALASIA: V.J. McGovern (1981/82); T.J. Constance (1983/86); Philip W. Allen (1987/92); Keith B. Shilkin (1993/98); H.Konrad Muller (1999/2004); Robert Eckstein (2005/08)

EUROPE: Antonio Llombart-Bosch (1981/88); Sven Widgren (1981/84); Christian Nezelof (1985/88); I.D. Ansell (1989/92); L. Mosca (1989/90); Anna Kadar (1991/96); Michel Prade (1991/94); Roderick N.M. MacSween (1993/98); Gunter Delling (1995/2000) ; Francisco J. Martinez Tell (1997/2006); Kristin Henry (1999/2008); Francis Jaubert (2001/02); Günter Klöppel (2003/08); George Kontogeorgos (2005/08): Jahn Nesland (2007/08)

NORTH AMERICA: Jack M. Layton (1981/82); David Robertson (1981/82); William H. Hartmann (1983/86); Benjamin F. Trump (1983/86); David F. Hardwick (1987/90); F. Stephen Vogel (1987/94, 1997/98); Cecilia Fenoglio-Preiser (1991/94); Harvey Goldman (1993/2008); William A. Gardner, Jr. (1995/2006); David F. Hardwick (1999/2006); Silvia Asa (2007/08); Fred Silva (2007/08)

SOUTH AMERICA: Jorge Garcia-Tamayo (1981/82); Adonis R.L. de Carvalho (1981/84); Jose G. Casas (1983/90); Carlos Marigo (1987/88); Paulo Cardoso de Almeida (1989/94); Natalio Guman (1991/96); Marcelo Franco (1995/2002& 2007/08); Eduardo Santini Araujo (1997/2008); Paulo Cardoso de Almeida (2003/06)
 

EDITORS, BULLETIN OF THE IAMM

Maude Abbott 1904/38
Robert A. Moore 1939/
Sidney Farber 1946/51
Thomas D. Kinney 1951/52

EDITORS, INTERNATIONAL PATHOLOGY

Vincent J. McGovern (Australia)(1982/ 86)
Roger E. Cotton (United Kingdom)(1987/94)
Robin A. Cooke (Australia)(1995/--)

ACADEMY OFFICE:

Secretary International Academy of Pathology, Inc.
David F. Hardwick, MD, FRCPC, LLD
Faculty of Medicine, Dean’s Office
The University of British Columbia
317 ­ 2194 Health Sciences Mall
Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Z3
Fax: +1604 822-6061
Email: iap.secretary@ubc.ca

CURRENT OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY

President
H. Konrad Muller, MB.BS, Ph.D
konrad.muller@utas.edu.au

Secretary
David F. Hardwick, MD
iap.secretary@ubc.ca

Treasurer
Jack P. Strong, MD
jstron@lsuhsc.edu

VICE PRESIDENTS (1995-07):

VP Africa
Martin J. Hale, MD
martin.hale@nhls.ac.za
Jean-Marie Dangou, MD
dangou@pasteur.sn

VP Asia
Samir S. Amr, MD
mailto:amrss@aramco.com.sa
H.K. Ng, MD
mailto:hkng@cuhk.edu.hk
Anita Borges, MD
mailto:anitaborges@hotmail.com
Robert Y. Osamura, MD
mailto:osamura@is.icc.u-tokai.ac.jp

VP Australasia
Robert P. Eckstein, MD
mailto:beckstei@med.usyd.edu.au

VP Europe
Günter Klöppel, MD
mailto:guenterkloeppel@path.uni-kiel.de
Jahn M. Nesland, MD
j.m.nesland@medisin.uio.no
Kristin Henry, MD
k.henry@imperial.ac.uk
George Kontogeorgos, MD
gkonto@med.uoa.gr

VP North America
Sylvia Asa, MD
mailto:sylvia.asa@uhn.on.ca
Harvey Goldman, MD
hgoldman@caregroup.harvard.edu
Fred Silva, MD
mailto:fsilva@uscap.org

VP South America
Eduardo Santini-Araujo, MD
santiniaraujo@ciudad.com.ar
Marcello F. Franco, MD
mailto:mfranco@patologia.epm.br%20

EDITOR, INTERNATIONAL PATHOLOGY (1995/--):

Robin A. Cooke, MD, FRCPA, FRCPath
Mater Hospital, Brisbane Australia
E-mail: cooker@ozemail.com.au

INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ORGANISER:

Mrs. Leah Shander (1974-)
Mr. Jim Crimmins (2006-):
jim@uscap.org

COMMITTEES

FINANCE COMMITTEE (2006/08):

The Finance Committee assists the treasurer in drawing up a budget, to review the financial status and to attempt to keep expenditures within income.

CHAIR: H. Konrad Muller, MB.BS, Ph.D konrad.muller@utas.edu.au
Member: Florabel G. Mullick, MD, ScD mullick@afip.osd.mil
Member: Shinichiro Ushigome, MD shin-ichiro@mvd.biglobe.ne.jp
Member: Jack P. Strong, MD jstron@lsuhsc.edu
Member: Harvey Goldman, MD hgoldman@caregroup.harvard.edu
Member: Jan van den Tweel, MD J.vandenTweel@umcutrecht.nl
Member: Jim Crimmins jim@uscap.org
Member: David F. Hardwick, MD iap.secretary@ubc.ca
 

EDUCATION COMMITTEE (2006/08):

The Education Committee is established to serve in an advisory capacity to the Executive Committee and the Council. The Committee identifies educational and scientific needs in underserved geographic areas and has the responsibility to arrange, supervise, audit, and evaluate educational programs, that are responsive to these needs, and that are supplemental to the offerings of the biannual Congresses of the International Academy.
The Committee selects lecturers, faculty, course directors, and moderators for structured presentations such as symposia, courses, and lectures, as will most appropriately satisfy the educational and scientific needs of the sponsored didactic programs.

Chair: Kristin Henry, MD k.henry@imperial.ac.uk
President: H. Konrad Muller, MD kmuller@postoffice.utas.edu.au
Secretary: David F. Hardwick, MD iap.secretary@ubc.ca
Members
Rep for Australasia & Asia: H.K. Ng, MD hkng@cuhk.edu.hk
Rep for Australasia & Asia: Francisco Couto, MD drfranciscouto@yahoo.co.in
Rep for Eastern Europe: Alina Romanenko romanenkoa5@hotmail.com
Rep for EuropeL; Anna Kadar, MD kadann@korb2.sote.hu
Rep for Europe: Antonio Llombart-Bosch, MD Antonio.LLombart@uv.es
Rep for Middle East/Arab Countries: Ghazi Zaatari, MD zaatari@aub.edu.lb
Rep for North America: Cecilia Fenoglio-Preiser, MD cecilia.fenogliopreiser@uc.edu
Rep for North America: Fred G. Silva, MD fsilva@uscap.org
Rep for South Africa: Johann Schneider, MD jws2@sun.ac.za
Rep for South America: Sergio Sanchez Sosa, MD sergio.sanchez@labpatpue.com.mx
Ex-officio
Past President: Francis Jaubert, MD francis.jaubert@nck.ap-hop-paris.fr
President Elect: Florabel G. Mullick, MD, ScD mullick@afip.osd.mil

NOMINATING COMMITTEE

The Nominating Committee consists of the three person who have most recently served as President of the Academy. The Committee reports to the International Council.

Chair: Francis Jaubert, MD francis.jaubert@nck.ap-hop-paris.fr
Member: Shinichiro Ushigome, MD shin-ichiro@mvd.biglobe.ne.jp
Member: F. Stephen Vogel, MD fstephenv@aol.com

INTERNATIONAL CONGRESSES AND CONGRESS PRESIDENTS

 

DATES     October 1 & 2, 1908  August 6 & 7, 1913  June 20 - 25, 1960  July 8 - 13, 1962  June 22 - 27, 1964  October 13 - 19, 1966  September 5 - 11, 1968  May 12 - 19, 1970  September 4 - 8, 1972  September 16 - 21, 1974  October 17 - 23, 1976  September 10 - 15, 1978  September 15 - 19, 1980  October 11 - 16, 1982  September 2 - 7, 1984  August 31 - Sept. 5, 1986  September 4 - 9, 1988  September 9 - 14, 1990  October 17 - 23, 1992  October 9 - 14, 1994  October 20 - 25, 1996  October 18 - 24, 1998  2000  2002 2004 2006

LOCATION     Washington, DC  London, England  London, England  Zurich, Switzerland  London, England  Kyoto, Japan Milan, Italy Mexico City, Mexico  Helsinki, Finland Hamburg, Germany Washington, DC, USA  Jerusalem, Israel Paris, France Sydney, Australia  Miami Beach, Florida, USA  Vienna, Austria Dublin, Ireland  Buenos Aires, Argentina  Madrid, Spain  Shatin,N.T Hong Kong  Budapest, Hungary  Nice, France  Nagoya, Japan  Amsterdam, Holland Brisbane, Australia Montreal, Canada

PRESIDENT OF CONGRESS     W.G. MacCallum  Arthur Keith  F.W. Wigglesworth  Erwin A. Uehlinger  A.O. Pratt  Kozo Okamoto Alfonso Giordano Isaac Costero  Erkki Saxen W. Sandritter Richard E. Palmer  A. Laufer C. Nezelof Vincent McGovern  Jack M. Layton J. Heinrich Holzner Roger Cotton  Natalio Guman  A. Llombart-Bosch  Joseph C. K. Lee  Anna Kadar  Francis Jaubert  Schinichiro Ushigome Jan van den Tweel Robin Cooke Rick Fraser

INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY OF PATHOLOGY

STATUS OF DIVISIONS

(February, 1996)

DIVISION NUMBER OF MEMBERS

Arab   Argentine   Australasian   Austrian   Belarussian   Bolivian   Brazilian   British   Central African   Central merican   Central Asian   Chilian   Chinese   Cuban   Czech   Danish   Finnish   French   German   Greek   Hong Kong   Hungarian   Indian   Israeli   Italian   Japanese   Korean   Norwegian   Philippine   Polish   Portugese   Romanian   Russian   Slovakian   South African   Spanish   Swedish   Swiss   Thai   Ukraine   US.-Canadian   Uraguayan

1993 90 1 1 0 565 120 -- 20 95 1,150 -- 51  --   12 25 20 -- 53 165 631 1,300 60 120 25 75 50 260 423 127 153 49 20   153 -- 20 -- 172 280 249 167 25 20   5048 29

1994 90 1 1 0 605 120 -- 20 82 1,170 -- --  --   12 25 20 -- 55 169 659 1,370 64 120 68 75 50 258 454 137 156 56 20   135 -- 20 -- 167 280 242 151 25 20   5020 --

1995 90 1 1 0 630 120 -- 20 -- 1,174 --  -- 20   12 25 -- 40 52 172 974 1,425 72 120 83 75 -- 265 506 124 160 56 30   -- -- 30 25 168 280 -- 146 -- 18   5154 29

Feb, 1996 100 110 633 100 20 580 1270 40       12 25   64 51 164 990 1480   120 83 120 85 280 535 124 136               152 280   148 24 18   5038

There have been no dues received from the following divisions since 1992 or earlier

Colombian Division
Iranian Division
Pakistani Division
Venezuelan Division

Total number of Divisions in 1996: 46

Total number of members in 1995: 12,193

CONSTITUTION OF THE INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY OF PATHOLOGY

ARTICLE I — Name
This corporation shall be called The International Academy of Pathology, hereinafter referred to as the “Academy”.

ARTICLE II — Objectives
The purpose of the Academy shall be the advancement of pathology through:
a. Improvement of methods of teaching pathology in medical schools, laboratories, hospitals and medical museums.
b. Coordination of anatomic pathology, pathologic physiology and comparative pathology with allied sciences and techniques.
c. Promotion of research in pathology and pathologic techniques.
d. The formation of national or larger geographic Divisions.
e. Publication of journals and reports that will afford media, including electronic, for dissemination of the results of work in the above fields.
f. Convocation of meetings and congresses for exchange of scientific information and ideas.

ARTICLE III - Membership
1. Membership shall be international in scope and shall consist of the following categories: regular members, junior members, associate members, sustaining members, emeritus members, and honorary members. These classes shall be defined in the Bylaws.
2. Election to membership shall be by the Council of any Division. Each applicant shall be sponsored by two members of the Academy and the candidate’s application shall be accompanied by a letter of recommendation from each of the sponsors. Election to honorary membership and emeritus membership shall be by the approval of the International Council upon written recommendation from a Division. Any person who is elected to any class of membership by a Division automatically shall be a member of the same classification concurrently in the Academy. Where no Division exists, election to membership will be made by the Executive Committee, nominations being made by two members and sent to the Secretary.

ARTICLE IV — Officers, International Council and Executive Committee
1. The officers shall be a President, a President-elect, a Secretary and a Treasurer, and one or more Vice-Presidents, not to exceed four from any continent, as from time to time may be deemed appropriate by the International Council. One person may hold the offices of Secretary and of Treasurer at the same time and shall, when this occurs, be known as Secretary-Treasurer. The officers shall be elected in a manner and shall hold their offices for such term with such right of succession as shall be specified in the Bylaws.
2. The International Council shall consist of the Officers, the most recently retired President, hereinafter referred to as the Past President, and the Councilors. The Editor of International Pathology shall be an ex-officio member of the International Council without the power to vote. The Councilors shall be appointed in the manner and serve for such terms as are specified in the Bylaws.
3. The Executive Committee shall consist of the officers and the Past President. The President of the immediately forthcoming International Congress shall serve as an advisory member without right to vote. The Executive Committee shall have the power to act for the International Council when the latter is not in session.

ARTICLE V - Divisions of the Academy
1. Members residing in one or more nations may be constituted into an administrative subdivision to be known as a Division, as a means of more effectively pursuing the objectives and purposes of the Academy. The territorial area over which a Division shall have jurisdiction shall be the nation or nations in which the applicants reside for the creation of a Division.
2. Application to form a Division may be made to the International Council by ten (10) or more members residing in the area of the proposed Division, which application shall state the name of the Division, the geographical area it is to serve, a copy of the bylaws which will govern it, and the names of the temporary officers and councilors to serve until the organizational meeting.
3. Should a Division contain two or more nations, it can be subdivided into two or more Divisions of one or more nations each upon the approval by the International Council of an application for such subdivision made by ten (10) or more members of each nation desiring to be separated from the Division sought to be subdivided, which application shall contain the same information required for the formation of a Division as provided in paragraph numbered 2 of this Article V.
4. If the International Council shall approve the creation of a Division in either instance, it shall evidence such approval by the adoption of an appropriate resolution prescribing the operations of such Division, the frequency and character of meetings which it shall hold, and the submission of reports thereof and of all scientific and business activities of the Division, and the requirement that operations of the Division shall be In accordance with the Constitution and the Bylaws of the Academy including any amendments in the future thereto.
5. The requirements in the resolution approving the formation of the Division may from time to time be eliminated, amended, or supplemented by new requirements by the International Council.
6. Reports of all scientific and business activities of each Division shall be submitted to the International Council through the Secretary of the Academy. It shall be the responsibility of the International Council, through reviewing these reports and such other reports as may be submitted to it through divisional representatives, to determine that the operations of each Division are being conducted in a manner consistent with the objectives and purposes of the Academy.
7. Applications to form a Division or to subdivide a Division and all reports and other information required of a Division shall be filed with the Secretary who shall promptly present to the International Council all such communications.
8. Upon the failure of a Division to comply with any one of the requirements of the International Council, whether contained in the original resolution approving the formation of the Division or one amendatory or supplementary thereto, after three hundred sixty-five (365) days notice in writing of such default shall have been given the Division by the Secretary, the International Council may dissolve such Division or revoke any powers that may have been delegated to it.
9. The existence of a Division at the time of the adoption of this amendment shall not be affected thereby.

ARTICLE VI - Assemblies
1. The International Council, upon the recommendation of the Executive Committee, may from time to time form groups of members to be known as “Assemblies”, membership in which shall be voluntary and need not be composed of members from one Division; the name of each Assembly and the scope of its interests and activities shall be prescribed by the Executive Committee.
2. An Assembly may be dissolved by the International Council upon the recommendation of the Executive Committee.

ARTICLE VII — Meetings
1. The International Congresses of the Academy shall be held every two years at the call of the President at such places and times as are decided by the International Council. Regional meetings of the Academy may be held at the discretion of the International Council.
2. Regular meetings of the International Council shall be held during each International Congress at the place and time designated by the President.
3. A special meeting of the International Council may be called at any time and from time to time by the President or any twelve (12) Councilors. A written notice of each such called meeting shall be sent via air mail to each member of the Council by the Secretary of the Academy not less than sixty (60) days prior to the date of the meeting; the place and time of the meeting to be designated by whomsoever calls the meeting and the notice of the meeting shall specify the place and time it will be held.
4. Regular meetings of the Executive Committee shall be held during each International Congress at the place and time designated by the President.
5. A special meeting of the Executive Committee may be called at any time and from time to time by the President of the Academy or any two other members of the Executive Committee and a written notice of each such called meeting shall be sent via air mail to each member of the Executive Committee by the Secretary of the Academy not less than sixty (60) days prior to the date of the meeting; the place and time of the meeting to be designated by whomsoever calls the meeting and the notice of the meeting shall specify the place and time and reason for the meeting.
6. General business meetings for all members of the Academy shall be held during each International Congress at a place and time designated by the President, and the minutes of each such meeting shall be published in International Pathology.
7. All meetings of the International Council and of the Executive Committee, and all International Congresses, and all general business meetings of the Academy shall be conducted in English and in accordance with Robert’s Rules of Order Revised, Seventy-fifth Anniversary Edition.

ARTICLE VIII — Transaction of Business
1. A quorum at each meeting of the International Council shall consist of twelve (12) members of whom at least one (1) shall be an officer of the Academy and there shall be representatives of a majority of the Divisions, provided that all members of the International Council shall have been notified of the meeting not less than sixty (60) days prior to the date of the meeting, or shall have waived such notice and time of notice by an instrument in writing.
2. A quorum at each meeting of the Executive Committee shall consist of the President or President-elect and nine (9) of its other members, provided that all members of the Executive Committee shall have been notified of the meeting not less than sixty (60) days prior to the date of the meeting, or shall have waived such notice and time of notice by an instrument in writing.
3. A quorum at a general business meeting of the Academy shall consist of the members present of whom at least three (3) shall be officers and four (4) Councilors.

ARTICLE IX — Publications
1. The official publication of the Academy shall be entitled INTERNATIONAL PATHOLOGY.
Additional publications may be authorized from time to time by the international Council or by any one or more Divisions.

ARTICLE X — Miscellaneous Provisions
1. No part of the net earnings of the Academy shall Inure to the benefit of or be distributable to its members, officers, or other private persons; except that the Academy shall be authorized and empowered to pay reasonable compensation for services rendered to it and to make payments and distributions in furtherance of the purposes set forth in Article II. No substantial part of the activities of the Academy shall be the carrying on of propaganda, or otherwise attempting to influence legislation except that the opinions of the Academy may be expressed upon professional matters when these become legislative issues; and the Academy shall not participate in or intervene in (including the publishing or distribution of statements) any political campaign on behalf of any candidate for public office. Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Constitution or the Bylaws, the Academy shall not carry on any other activities not permitted to be carried on (a) by a corporation exempt from Federal income tax under section 5O1(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (or the corresponding provision of any future United States internal revenue law), or (b) by a corporation, contributions to which are deductible under section 17D(c)(2) by the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (or the corresponding provision of any future United States internal revenue law).
2. Upon the dissolution of the Academy, the International Council shall, after paying or making provisions for the payment of all liabilities of the Academy dispose of all of the assets of the Academy exclusively for the purposes of the Academy, in such manner, or to such organization or organizations organized and created exclusively for charitable, religious, or scientific purposes as shall at the time qualify as an exempt organization or organizations under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (or the corresponding provision of any future United States internal revenue law), as it may deem desirable. Any of such assets not so distributed shall be disposed of by the court of appropriate jurisdiction of the country or other political subdivision in which the principal office of the Academy is then located, exclusively for such purposes or to such organization or organizations as said court shall determine to be organized or operated exclusively for such purposes.

ARTICLE XI — Corporate Seal
There shall be a corporate seal which shall consist of two concentric circles and between the inner circle and the outer circle shall be the words “The International Academy of Pathology, Inc.” and in the center there shall be pictures of the lamp of knowledge, of a microscope resting on a book, of the globe and at the bottom “I.A.M.M. 1906,” an impression of such seal being made on the margin of this page.

ARTICLE XII — Amendments to the Constitution
This Constitution may be amended by the approval of two-thirds of the members of the Academy voting thereon by ballot on a form to be prepared by the Secretary and mailed to each member eligible to vote and after being marked by such member shall be returned to the Secretary so that it will be received by him/her not later than sixty (60) days after being mailed by the Secretary, provided, however, that no proposed amendment shall be submitted for adoption unless and until it shall have been first reviewed by the Executive Committee and then approved by the International Council whose approval and a statement of the reasons therefore together with a copy of the substance of the proposed amendment shall accompany each ballot when it is mailed to each member eligible to vote.

BYLAWS
CHAPTER I - Membership
1. Regular Members shall consist of those who possess (a) the degree of Doctor of Medicine or its international equivalent, and a minimum of four (4) years of training and experience in pathology and who have demonstrated an interest in research and teaching, or (b) a doctorate or its international equivalent in veterinary medicine or in dentistry or in an allied biologic science and training, experience, and interests in his/her field equivalent to those required of Doctors of Medicine.
2. Junior Members shall consist of those who possess the degree of Doctor of Medicine, or its international equivalent, and who are actively engaged in formal training in pathology. Junior Membership shall be limited to the period of formal training, not to exceed five (5) years, at which time this membership shall automatically terminate.
3. Associate Members shall consist of those who possess the degree of Doctor of Medicine, or its international equivalent, who are not engaged in pathology or an allied biologic science, but who have demonstrated an active interest in pathology or an allied science, all as shall be determined by the Executive Committee.
4. Sustaining Members shall consist of those members who foster the objectives of the Academy by gratuitous, annual, financial contributions to the Academy. The minimum amount of each such contribution shall be determined by the Council of each Division.
5. Honorary Members shall consist of persons distinguished for eminent service to medicine and especially to the cause of pathology and to the Academy.
6. Emeritus Members shall consist of those who have been in good standing in the Academy and who have attained the age of 65 or who have retired from gainful employment in the medical profession.
7. The annual membership dues of the Academy shall be fixed by the International Council, shall be payable in advance, and shall include a year’s subscription to International Pathology. Members delinquent in payment of dues for two years may be dropped from membership at the discretion of the Executive Committee. Dues shall be payable as follows: Members of a Division shall pay to that Division the joint dues prescribed by the Academy and the Division; the Division shall then pay to the Academy that proportion of such dues which is attributable to membership in the Academy; Members not belonging to a Division shall pay directly to the Academy the dues prescribed by the Academy.
8. Junior and Associate Members shall pay nominal dues determined by each Division. Honorary and Emeritus Members will be exempt from dues. Junior, Associate, Honorary, and Emeritus Members will not receive. International Pathology except by subscription may not vote or hold office in the Academy but may be appointed to committees.
9. All members may subscribe to the publications of the various Divisions at the same rate as paid by the members of those Divisions. The Secretary of each Division shall be provided without charge the official publications of the Academy and of each of its Divisions. Such publications shall be retained in the permanent files of each Division.

CHAPTER II - Election and Tenure of Officers and Councilors
1. The officers shall be elected by the International Council to serve the following terms:
a. The Secretary and the Treasurer, whether or not one person holds both offices, shall be elected for a term of four (4) years.
b. All other officers shall be elected for terms of two (2) years.
c. The term of each office shall commence on the first day of the second month following the adjournment of the meeting at which the officer was elected provided, however, that should it be necessary to prevent an unoccupied office an officer shall serve until his/her successor is elected and qualified.
d. The President-elect at the conclusion of his/her term shall become President.
e. A Vice-President may succeed him/herself in office without limitation.
f. The Secretary and the Treasurer, whether or not one person holds both offices, may succeed him/herself in one or both offices without limitation.
g. Except that the offices of the Secretary and the Treasurer may be held by one person, no person shall simultaneously hold two (2) offices.

2. Should any office other than that of President or that of President-elect become vacant, the office shall be filled by the Executive Committee for the remainder of the term. If the office of President shall become vacant, the President-elect shall thereupon become President for the unexpired term, provided that such service shall not affect such person becoming President upon adjournment of the next regular meeting of the lnternational Council. In the event that the office of President becomes vacant at a time when the office of President-elect is also vacant, the Executive Committee shall fill the office of President for the remainder of the term.
3. Those persons who shall be Councilors on the International Council as provided in Article IV, Paragraph 2 of the Constitution, shall be selected by the several Divisions by such procedures as shall be prescribed in their respective bylaws. The number of Councilors that each Division shall select shall be based on the number of members in that Division as reflected on the roll of its members to be kept on file in the office of the Secretary, the ratio of the number of members to the number of Councilors to be as follows:
25 to and including 100 members 1 Councilor
101 to and including 500 members 2 Councilors
501 to and including 1000 members 3 Councilors
1001 to and including 2000 members 4 Councilors
2001 to and including 3000 members 5 Councilors
3001 or more members 6 Councilors
4. Each Councilor shall serve for a term of not less than two (2) years from the date of his/her selection and thereafter until his/her successor shall be selected and qualified.
5. At any meeting of the International Council the Secretary upon the request of any member of the Council present shall report the number of Councilors to which each Division is entitled and if requested read the names of the Councilors from any one or more Division.
6. Should the qualifications of any Councilor to serve on the Council be challenged by any member of the Academy, such challenge shall be submitted in writing to the Secretary accompanied by evidence in writing in support of the grounds of such challenge, and the President after the Secretary shall report to him/her such challenge shall make a ruling supporting or rejecting such challenge which ruling shall be final and binding on all persons and should the ruling support the challenger, the member challenged shall cease to be a member of the Council as of the date of the ruling.

CHAPTER III - Duties of Officers, International Council and Executive Committee
1. The International Council shall formulate policies and shall authorize disbursements of the Academy’s funds, except that the endowed funds of the Academy shall be spent only after specific authorization by a two-thirds majority vote of the voting members present at a general business meeting of the Academy or of those voting when polled by correspondence. The International Council shall have authority to act for the Academy in all matters except those otherwise specifically provided for in the Constitution or Bylaws.
2. The Executive Committee, in addition to other duties provided for in the Constitution or Bylaws, shall prepare a budget for the approval of the International Council and shall make necessary adjustments according to circumstances, provided, however, that the changes are within the framework of the general policies determined by the International Council.
3. The President shall appoint such committees as are necessary for the proper administration of the Academy’s affairs.
4. The duties of each Vice-President shall be to represent the Academy and coordinate the activities of the Divisions in his/her area.
5. The Secretary shall maintain a central office for the transaction of the business of the Academy and for the housing of the Academy’s documents. He/she shall submit to the Executive Committee and to the International Council a report of all transactions.
6. The Treasurer shall collect dues and other funds, disburse monies, and submit to the Executive Committee a financial statement that will be audited by a Certified Public Accountant. The audited report shall be kept permanently. He/she shall also submit an estimated annual budget to the Executive Committee.

CHAPTER IV - Editor
1. The Editor of International Pathology shall be appointed by the International Council for a four (4) year period, effective the January 1 following the appointment.
2. The Editor shall execute editorial policies in conformity with the aims of the Academy and with the general principles formulated by the International Council. There shall be no change in the contractual arrangements with a publisher without the approval of the Executive Committee.
3. The Editor shall submit to the Executive Committee a written annual summary of the activities of International Pathology, including financial, editorial and other affairs. The financial report shall be audited in a manner to be determined by the Executive Committee. The Editor’s report shall be kept permanently in the office of the Secretary.
4. The Editor shall submit an estimated budget in advance of each year’s activities for the approval of the Executive Committee.
5. The Editorial Board shall be appointed by the International Council on the recommendation of the Editor.

CHAPTER V - Meetings
1. The International Council shall approve the location of the International Congresses and regional meetings.
2. An IAP division wishing to host a future International Congress shall submit a written proposal to the Secretary of the IAP at least six years before the requested venue date.
3. The Executive Committee of the IAP shall examine the proposals received and reach a final decision for recommendation to Council at least 5 years prior to the requested date of the International Congress.
4. The proposal shall include recommendations regarding meeting facilities and hotel accommodations for participants and the names of two or more Professional Congress Organizers who have had experience in organizing at least three international medical congresses (with no less than 1,000 active participants at each) and should have suitable recommendations from the organizers of those congresses.
5. A site visit by two IAP Executive officers and the Director of International Congresses will be carried out before final acceptance. Travel and living expenses for members of the site visit team will be budgeted for and paid by the host division.
6. The International Congress budget shall include, among others, provision for:
a. Air transportation to the Congress of the President of IAP and the Secretary of IAP.
b. A complimentary suite for the President of IAP.
c. Complimentary accommodations for the duration of the Congress for: 1) the President-Elect of IAP, 2) the Immediate Past-President of IAP, 3) the Secretary of IAP, 4) the Treasurer of IAP, and 5) the Director of International Congresses.
d. A fee of $20 (USD) per active registrant to be included in the International Congress budget as a separate item under Congress expenditure. This fee must be set aside by the local Congress Committee and transferred to the Treasurer of IAP at the conclusion of the Congress.
e. Comprehensive Congress liability insurance coverage for the host division and the IAP. The IAP shall receive a certificate from the host division to this effect.
7. The Executive Committee shall appoint an Organizing Committee for each International Congress to include representatives of the host country.
8. The President of the Academy shall appoint the President for each International Congress.
9. The Organizing Committee for each International Congress shall:
a. Select the specific subjects and the invited speakers.
b. Approve the budget.
c. Appoint a local arrangements committee.
d. Appoint such other committees, as it deems appropriate.
10. The program of each International Congress shall include scientific sessions and exhibits, as well as provide meeting times and facilities for the General Business Meeting, The Executive Committee meetings and the International Council Meeting as required by the President of IAP.
11. All officers of the IAP shall pay registration fees for the International Congress.
12. A loan to facilitate initial Congress planning may be requested by the host Division, the amount to be negotiated with the treasurer of the IAP.
13. Initiation of the loan repayment in full to the Treasurer of the IAP must be accomplished by the first day of the first month following the adjournment of the Congress.
14. The Division wishing to host a future International Congress of the IAP must be able to meet the above requirements and submit a statement to that effect to the Secretary of IAP.
15. The organization of regional meetings shall be substantially similar to that of International Congresses.
16. Registration, course, and other fees collected from International Congresses and regional meetings shall be spent in accordance with the budget approved by the Organizing Committee. At the conclusion of any such Congresses or meetings, the Organizing Committee shall meet to receive a full financial statement. Any surplus funds will be distributed appropriately In such manner, in such amounts, and to such recipients as shall be determined by the Organizing Committee in its uncontrolled discretion provided that any transfer of funds of the Academy must be controlled by the limitation set forth in Article X. of the Constitution of the Academy as amended at the Congress at which this amendment to the Bylaws is presented, and said Article having been Article IX prior to such amendment. The Academy may derive funds from any Congress or other meetings effected under its auspices, subject, however, to negotiation with the Organizing Committee and the restrictions and provisions of the said Article X, formerly Article IX of the Constitution as immediately above explained.
17. At any regular or special meeting of the International Council, each Councilor shall be entitled to vote in person or by written proxy held by a member of the International Council present at such meeting.
Without the holding of a meeting, questions to be decided by the International Council or the Executive Committee may be submitted by ballot to the members of the International Council or the Executive Committee, as the case may be, by the President and a majority of votes cast by such ballots and submitted to the Secretary to be received within sixty (60) days after the submission of the ballots shall be decisive.

CHAPTER VI — Committees
1. The President shall appoint a Nominating Committee consisting of the three (3) persons who shall have most recently served as President of the Academy, which committee shall report to the International Council at each of its regular meetings, provided, however, that nominations may also be made from the floor.
2. The President shall appoint a Gold Medal Nominating Committee of three (3) persons of senior standing from at least two (2) Divisions of the Academy, which committee shall nominate one (1) or more candidate(s) for the “Gold Medal of the International Academy of Pathology” to be reported for approval by the International Council, to be awarded at each biennial International Congress of the International Academy of Pathology.
3. The President may, upon his/her own initiative, and shall upon authorization of the International Council, create and appoint such committees as are deemed necessary for the operation of the Academy. (See Appendix, IAP Bylaws)

CHAPTER VII - Amendments to the Bylaws
These Bylaws may be amended by the approval of two thirds of the members of the Academy voting thereon by ballot on a form to be prepared by the Secretary and mailed to each member eligible to vote and after being marked by such member shall be returned to the Secretary so that it will be received by him/her not later than sixty (60) days after being mailed by the Secretary, provided, however, that no proposed amendment shall be submitted for adoption unless and until it shall have been first reviewed by the Executive Committee and then approved by the International Council, whose approval and a statement of the reasons therefore together with a copy of the substance- of the proposed amendment shall accompany each ballot when it is mailed to each member eligible to vote.

Appendix, IAP Bylaws
Chapter VI, 3. - Committees

Education Committee
The President with the authorization of the International Council has appointed the IAP Education Committee consisting of 14 members. Members include the Chair (4 year term, renewable), Ex-officio members: President, Past President, President Elect and Secretary and 10 members appointed for 4 year terms, renewable to represent the Global regions and divisions.
Terms of Reference, approved, are:
1. This Committee is established to serve in an advisory capacity to the Executive Committee and the Council.
2. The Committee is charged with identifying educational and scientific needs in underserved geographic areas.
3. It is further charged with the responsibility to arrange, supervise, audit, and evaluate educational programs, that are responsive to these needs, and that are supplemental to the offerings of the biannual Congresses of the International Academy.
4. With the approval of the Executive Committee, the Committee is empowered to select lecturers, faculty, course directors, and moderators for structured presentations such as symposia, courses, and lectures, as will most appropriately satisfy the educational and scientific needs of the sponsored didactic programs.
5. The Committee is required to provide an annual written report to the Executive Committee and/or Council.

REQUIREMENTS FOR HOSTING THE BIENNIAL CONGRESS OF THE lNTERNATIONAL ACADEMY OF PATHOLOGY (Adopted 1990)

THE SET UP:
Committees: Once the venue has been finally accepted, the first requirement is that there should be strong local Divisional support for the invitation. A potential President of the Congress and a viable Congress Committee, capable of handling the scientific program, the finances, social events, exhibits, etc. should be elected as soon as possible.
 The Executive of the IAP will appoint the International Organizing Committee for the Congress to consist of: The President, IAP, the President Elect, the Immediate Pat President, the Secretary, the Treasurer of IAP, the President of the Congress, the President of the host Division and the Director International Congresses.
The Congress organizing committee should work hand in hand with the chosen P.C.O. (Professional Congress Organizer) while maintaining contact with the International Organizing committee, to plan and implement all aspects of the Congress.

CONGRESS:
Timetable, Program and Logo
Decide on the dates of the Congress. IAP Congresses are usually held in September or October. Check dates for National or religious holidays, or Pathology meetings which may interfere with Congress participation. Registration fees: should be based on those of the previous Congresses, plus an international inflation rate of about 2-3%
Block your Conference venue and hotel space.
Have the Congress logo early on so the letterheads and stationary can be printed. The letterhead is indispensable even 5 years before the actual Congress takes place.
Early contact with keynote speakers and chairpersons. You may need their names to promote the Congress (with their permission, of course.)
Try to get outside sponsorship, by looking at lists of sponsors for previous Congresses. This eases the finances that are based solely on registration fees and commercial exhibits.
Establish your timetable (skeleton timetable at this early stage):
-To block congress venue and hotels for the exact dates of the Congress
-To allow for planning of social events and accompanying persons program
-To allow for invitations for speakers and papers in good time
-To plan some pre and post congress tours
The IAP biennial Congress has a five day scheduled period for scientific sessions, with other activities (i.e. get together reception before the Congress) so that if the Congress is scheduled to begin the scientific program on a Monday a.m., the program would look like this: 
-Sunday evening: Get-together reception
-Monday, Opening ceremony, followed by sessions.
-Tuesday: a.m. and p.m. sessions. (Evening free social event)
-Wednesday, a.m. and p.m. sessions
-Thursday, a.m. and p.m. sessions (evening Congress Dinner)
-Friday, a.m. and p.m. sessions and closing ceremony.
The scientific program of the Congress is usually very comprehensive and of high standard, with an Opening ceremony, daily plenary sessions with well known speakers, symposia, free papers and posters, between 16-20 Slide Seminars, 16-20 short courses and 1 0r 2 long courses.(Slide Seminars, short and long courses by subscription) and a closing ceremony. During session’s breaks, tea/coffee is served.

Language
The official language of the Congress is English. Simultaneous translation is not provided.

Social Events
1) Get-together reception for all registrants, including registered accompanying persons…included in registration fees.
2) Folklore, or typical national evening for all registrants, including registered accompanying persons, included in registration fee. Other shows, concerts, etc. and the Congress Dinner are by subscription. An attractive 3 half-day tour program for registered accompanying persons should be offered.

Exhibition
An exhibition is held in conjunction with the Congress and should have ample booth space and opportunities for delegates to visit. It is advisable to serve coffee there during breaks. Exhibits can be a good source of income for the budget.

The Venue
Congress center, convention hotel or University, should include one large lecture hall seating about 2000 participants and 10 – 12 other break out rooms of varying sizes for concurrent sessions. In addition the venue should have a suitable registration area, slide preview room, microscope room with power outlets for at least 50 microscopes, secretariat office, storage facilities and a hospitality room. Also a suitable open area for poster presentations and a large open area for exhibit with sufficient power outlets.
In the past several different kinds of venues have been used successfully, including all three mentioned above. As long as they work they are acceptable. Appropriate hotel accommodations in various categories for about 2000 participants must be available. These hotels should, if possible be within walking distance of the Congress venue. Alternately, public transport should be available near the hotels.
International transportation: easy access to an International airport is a must.

Visas
There should be no restrictions on visas. Registrants from ALL divisions must be able to attend the Congress.
Professional Congress Organizer (P.C.O)
The IAP has always insisted on a suitable local P.C.O. to handle the technical and administrative parts of the Congress and who should preferably be a member of a recognized international association of congress organizers.

Printing Schedules
1st announcements to be printed and mailed two years before the Congress (immediately following the previous one) and should also be distributed at Pathology meetings wherever possible, certainly at the previous Congress and at USCAP meetings.
2nd announcements: including a well advance scientific program, abstract forms, registration forms, accommodation forms, to be mailed at the end of December, after Christmas, 9-10 months prior to the Congress.
Deadline for receipt of abstracts: May, 4-5 months before the Congress
Date for receipt of slide seminar blocks and case histories, February, 9 months before. Date for receiving the slide sets: May, June 4-5 months before the Congress.
Printing deadlines (to be settled with printer according to the above dates and depending on local conditions.
-1st Announcement
-2nd Announcement (with all necessary forms)
-Final Program (for Congress)…Case Histories for Seminar
-Long Courses, Seminars, and other handouts, Lists of Participants 
-Presidental Message for Final Program
Mailing of 1st and 2nd Announcements: A mailing list of division members is now available from the Secretary of IAP. However, bulk mailing to the Division Secretaries for mailing in each country is desirable. This saves a lot of money on mailing and is especially useful for mailing large divisions.
Registration Desks at the Congress Venue:
Desks should be open from the day prior to the start of the Congress and daily for the duration thereof.

Promotion: 
The secret of successful promotion is to reach the prospective participants with the message that the Congress is both topic-important as well as site attractive. Good speakers bring more participants and so may the following pointers:
-At least some of the topics should be new or newsworthy
-The Congress must allow presentation of free papers, which for some participants is a must in order for them to attend.
-Direct mailing
-Promotion at previous regional and International Congresses
-Publishing announcements in professional journals
-Getting your local Tourist Ministry to obtain promotional material, gifts, etc.
-The Internet - Website for the Congress

THE BUDGET:
Managing the financial aspects of the Congress is one of the most difficult tasks and here the advice of the P.C.O. will be of great importance.

First Budget
The first budget is prepared so long in advance of the Congress date, that it is in fact a “theoretical” budget.

Second Budget
The second budget is prepared when you already know how much the registration fees will be, the price of the meeting rooms rental, the price per square meter for the exhibits, how much to charge for slide seminars, the price of the social events and tours and the A.V. You still do not know, in terms of income at this stage, the number of participants, or the number of exhibitors.

Third Budget
The third budget, updating the second one, is probably the closest to the final one, around 2 months before the Congress takes place. You should have most of the registrations in (although unfortunately people register later and later). You will know the number of exhibitors, posters, the exact number of meeting rooms and the types, numbers and expenses for the social events. Sometimes, however, there is a big difference between expectation and reality and the most dangerous items are those that cannot be changed at this final stage. Therefore always prepare 2 budgets, one with the lowest projected number of registrants and one that has better potential.

Main Income
The main income of every Congress comes from three main sources:
Registration fees
Exhibits
Slide Seminars (after expenses)
Sometimes there are sponsors and also advertisements in the Congress program

Estimated Income (Fixed)  
Printing (all Congress printed material)
Congress venue (meeting rooms and exhibit and poster space)
Mailing (including cutting, packing and mailing slide sets)
A.V. equipment, P.C.O. (including manpower for the Congress
Travel expenses for IAP President and Secretary plus hotel accommodation for same, and for the President elect, Immediate past President, Treasurer and Director of International Congresses.
Other travel expenses, Promotion and advertising, signs, site visit reimbursement,
Miscellaneous, i.e. security, banners, flowers, unforeseen expense

Variable Expenxes  
Coffee during breaks
Social events (Opening Ceremony, Get-together reception, Folklore evening)
Tours for accompanying persons
Congress kits
Name badges, notepad and pens
Certificates of attendance. Fee of $20. - for registered participants for IAP.

Estimated Income
Registration fees – Participants, Residents, Trainees, Accompanying persons, Exhibits, Advertisements, Slide Seminars
Sponsors (if any)
Pre and post Congress tours should not be part of the budget. The P.C.O. should arrange these with the aid of a local travel agent or tour agency and of course with the approval of the Congress Organizing Committee.

FINAL COMMENTS:
There are no assurances for total success of a Congress, however the host Division must make sure not to have a budgetary deficit, and at least break even. We have never ended a Congress with a deficit. Most of the time the Congresses are profitable over and above the built in $20. - per head for the IAP.
We hope that the Division hoping to host one of the International Congresses of IAP will find these guidelines useful.

PROCEDURES FOR ESTABLISHING A NEW DIVISION

Pathologists wishing to establish a new Division of the IAP in a Country or Region where there is no pre-existing Division should undertake the following steps:

• Discuss with one or more of the Officers of the Academy and Officers of Divisions in neighbouring regions.

• Review a copy of the Constitution and By-Laws of the IAP and obtain copies of the Constitutions of several Divisions, particularly those in the same region or with a similar culture or social system.

• Organize the group of colleagues who are medical graduates, who have had a minimum of four years of training and experience in pathology and who have demonstrated an interest in research and teaching (see IAP By-Laws Chapter 1) that support and be actively involved in the formation of a new Division of the IAP.

• Consult with two or three of the most interested and energetic local pathologists and draft a provisional Constitution modeled on one of the other Divisions’ Constitutions adapted to meet local requirements. It is important to obtain local legal advice at this point, particularly if there is local Corporate Law relating to non profit organizations and tax exemptions.

• Convene a meeting of interested pathologists from as many centers in the Country or Region as possible. For a viable Division, a minimum of 10 people, 25 pathologists should attend the meeting and support the proposal.

• The meeting should formally resolve to form a new Division, in accordance with the aims and objectives of the IAP as laid out in its Constitution and By-Laws.

• The meeting should adopt the proposed Constitution of the new Division, in its proposed format.

• When the Constitution is adopted, the meeting should elect officers (President, Secretary, Treasurer, Councilors etc.) in accordance with the newly adopted Constitution.

• The adoption of an appropriate annual membership fee and a list of paid up member should be ratified.

• The new Divisional Secretary should write a letter to the Secretary of the International Academy of Pathology notifying the IAP Secretary of the formation of the provisional Division and requesting that the proposed new Division be approved by the International Council of the IAP at its next meeting.
Include with the letter:
(A) A Copy of the newly adopted Constitution.
(B) A list of Officers and paid up members
(C) A statement that the new Division will submit US $4 per member annually as dues to the IAP Treasurer after the International Council approves establishment of the new Division.

• Ensure that the legal liability of the members of the new Division is limited when the Division becomes incorporated as a legal entity under local laws.

Please Note: The International Academy of Pathology has no power to impose either restrictions or sanctions against any pathologists from any Country. There is no provision for sanctions in the
Constitution nor have any such actions been undertaken in the past, including during times of war and upheavals. The Academy is strictly non political and any group that fulfills the above requirements and has adopted a Constitution that is consonant with the aims, objectives and ideals of the IAP as laid out in Article II of the IAP Constitution, should be accepted.

Relationship of IAP Divisions to Local Pathology Societies

The IAP and its Divisions form an international network for education and research in anatomical / surgical pathology and cytology. Other pathology societies restricted to local, national or regional spheres; may be concerned with other disciplines of pathology; may be involved in the examination and certification of pathologists (a “Boards” function); or may have industrial, fee determining or political functions.

There are no restrictions on the relationships of IAP Divisions to other local pathology societies or organizations. In some places, an IAP Division may be completely divorced from other pathology societies. Alternatively, joint meetings or combined activities may be held, while some divisions has the same membership structure of the local society, with the same people holding similar offices in each organization. This relationship is one cost effective way of providing an international arm to a local society. The forms of the arrangements are of no consequence to the IAP, as long as it does not contravene the IAP Constitution and as long as it achieves the aims and objectives of the Academy.

IAP EDUCATIONAL ASSISTANCE SCHEMES

The matched grants scheme

In 1994, the Academy agreed to support international educational programs run by individual divisions with matching grants.

The upper limit of the Academy’s support is US$2,000. These grants are intended to encourage divisions to organize and run pathology education programs in needy areas where pathology education is depressed. Divisions wishing to apply for a grant should submit a detailed proposal to the Secretary.

Other educational assistance

Individual divisions may submit detailed requests for financial assistance for educational programs to the Secretary. Such proposals will be considered by the Finance Committee and the Council. Academy funds are strictly limited but the Academy, in accordance with its aims and objectives, will give as much support to bona fide proposals as it can.

GOLD MEDALS OF THE ACADEMY

Chair: Antonio Llombart-Bosch, MD Antonio.LLombart@uv.es
Member: Cecilia Fenoglio-Preiser, MD cecilia.fenogliopreiser@uc.edu
Member: David F. Hardwick, MD iap.secretary@ubc.ca

The Council of the IAP will award the Gold Medal Of the Academy to distinguished individuals to commemorate and acknowledge their outstanding contributions to international programs for excellence in scholarly education and research in pathology. The awards will be announced at the Biennial Business Meeting of the Academy and the medals may be presented at a suitable meeting of the Division of the IAP of which the awardee is a member. More than one medal may be awarded each biennium. Nominations, including a summary of the nominees’ outstanding contributions and evidence of support from the Academy or one of its Divisions, should reach the Secretary by March 1 in the year of the International Conference. Nominations can be made by any past or present Office Bearer of the IAP or of its Divisions, and will be considered by the Nominating Committee which will make recommendations to the Council at the Biennial Council Meeting.

THE PRESIDENTIAL MEDAL OF OFFICE AND GAVEL

The original Presidential Medal of Office, made of solid gold, was stolen during the 1970 Congress. A replacement gold plated replica was passed from outgoing to incoming President at the Business Meeting held during each Congress. In 1996, Dr. F. K. Mostofi , who claimed to be partly resposible for the lack of security which resulted in the theft of the original gold medal, donated the replacement solid gold Presidential Medal of Office. It was cast in Saudi Arabia and worn for the first time at the Budapest Congress. Dr. Mostofi wisely recommended that this medal be adequately insured.

The Presidential Gavel was presented to the Academy by Dr. F. K. Mostofi circa 1985. It is made from wood salvaged from the old Army Medical Museum (the Red Brick Building) in downtown Washington DC, just before the Museum was demolished. It would be almost impossible to conceive a more fitting way or donor to commemorate the seminal role played by the Army Medical Museum in the formation of the International Association of Medical Museums and the International Academy of Pathology. As with the Medal of Office, The gavel is passed on by hand from one President to the next. The inscription on the gavel’s head is engraved on brass, not gold.